Mechanical properties of an ultrafine grained C–Mn steel …
Fig. 3 shows details of the tensile properties. Each symbol represents an average value obtained from three separate tensile tests. The decrease in the average ferrite grain size from 6.8 to 1.3 μm leads to an increase of the lower yield stress by 49% (Fig. 3(a)), of the ultimate tensile stress by 14% (Fig. 3(a)), of the yield ratio by 30% (Fig. 3(b)), and of the Lüders strain …
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